Makina otsekera okha opangidwa ndi makina ambiri ogwirira ntchito amakondedwa ndi makampani ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati okonza chakudya chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kotseka, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kutseka bwino. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga matumba ofewa. Pakakhala mavuto ndi mphamvu yotsekera m'mphepete, pakati, kapena pansi popanga matumba apulasitiki, makinawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito potsekanso kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za khalidwe lotseka kutentha.
Komabe, makinawa akagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka akagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kapena mopitirira muyeso, nthawi zambiri amalephera kugwira ntchito zamagetsi ndi makina. Izi zikuphatikizapo: kutseka bwino, kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwa makinawo, kuphulika kwa fuse poyambira, phokoso la "kufuula" panthawi yogwira ntchito, kutentha kosalamulirika, kusintha ndi kupindika kwa matumba omalizidwa pamalo otsekera, komanso kuwoneka kwa thovu kapena zizindikiro zosazolowereka pamalo otsekera. Kutengera ndi zomwe zachitika pakugwiritsa ntchito, nkhaniyi ikuwunika zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zingapo zofala, ikupereka mayankho ofanana, ndikukambirana za kukonza makina otsekera, ndikuyembekeza kuti zithandiza mabizinesi ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makinawo.
1. Kutseka Koyipa
Kutseka koyipa ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe makina otsekera amachita. Pali matanthauzo atatu a kutseka koyipa:
- Chikwama chopakira sichingatsekedwe pamalo otsekeredwa.
- Ngakhale kuti pakamwa pa thumba pamakhala potsekedwa ndi tsamba lotsekera, lidzang'ambikanso ndi kukanikiza pang'ono kapena kutsekula.
- Poyesa kutsekeka kwa chikwama pamalo otsekeka, theka la chikwamacho limatsekedwa bwino pomwe theka lina limalekanitsidwa. Ubwino wa chikwama choterechi sichinatsimikizidwebe chifukwa zomwe zili mkati mwake zimatha kutuluka mosavuta panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula ikakanidwa. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamene zinthu zophatikizika zimakhala za OPP kapena PE yophwanyidwa.
Zifukwa za mtundu woyamba wa vuto makamaka ndi izi:
- Kutentha kosakwanira kotseka kutentha. Nthawi zonse, pa matumba okhala ndi OPP ngati zinthu zomangira ndi makulidwe onse a 80-90μm, kutentha kotseka kutentha kuyenera kufika pa 170-180℃. Pa matumba okhala ndi PE ngati zinthu zomangira ndi makulidwe onse a 85-100μm, kutentha kuyenera kulamulidwa pa 180-200℃. Bola makulidwe onse a thumba akuwonjezeka, kutentha kotseka kutentha kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa mofanana.
- Liwiro lotseka kutentha mofulumira kwambiri. Kulephera kutseka thumba kumakhudzananso ndi liwiro la makina otsekera. Ngati liwiro lili lothamanga kwambiri, malo otsekera sadzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yotenthetsera asanaperekedwe ku makina oziziritsira ndi chotsukira chokokera kuti chiziziritse, ndipo mwachibadwa, sichingakwaniritse zofunikira za khalidwe lotseka kutentha.
- Kupanikizika kosayenera kwa gudumu la rabara la chosindikizira choziziritsira. Pali gudumu limodzi la rabara la chosindikizira choziziritsira mbali zakumtunda ndi pansi, ndipo kupanikizika pakati pawo kuyenera kukhala kocheperako. Mukasintha kupanikizika, ingolimbitsani kasupe.
- Mavuto a khalidwe ndi filimu yotsekera kutentha. Kulephera kutseka thumba kumagwirizananso ndi khalidwe la filimu yotsekera kutentha. Ngati chithandizo cha korona cha zinthu zophatikizika sizili bwino komanso sizikugwira ntchito, ndipo zili pamalo otsekera, sizingathe kutseka thumba. Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma zikachitika, chinthucho chidzachotsedwa. Chifukwa chake, mumakampani osindikizira mitundu, njira yotsikira imayang'anira njira yotsikira. Mavuto a khalidwe akapezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuthetsedwa pakapita nthawi. Ngati pali chinyezi kapena dothi pamalo otsekera, zidzayambitsanso kutsekera kosakwanira. Mwachidule, kuti athetse vuto loyamba losakwanira kutsekera, kutentha kwa kutsekera kutentha kumatha kuwonjezeredwa moyenera, liwiro la kutsekera kutentha likhoza kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kuthamanga kwa gudumu la rabara losindikizira loziziritsa kumatha kuwonjezeredwa nthawi yomweyo.
Zifukwa za mtundu wachiwiri wa vuto losavomerezeka la kusindikiza ndi izi:
- Kutentha kosakwanira kotseka kutentha. Vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa powonjezera kutentha kotseka kutentha moyenera.
- Pamwamba pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha si lathyathyathya. Tsamba lotsekera kutentha limagawidwa m'zigawo zapamwamba ndi zapansi, ndipo nthawi zambiri thermocouple imayikidwamo kuti imve kutentha komwe kutentha kumasamutsidwa. Pali zomangira zitatu pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha, screw yapakati imathandizira ndikulimbitsa tsamba, ndipo zomangira zina ziwiri zili ndi masipu opanikizika ndi ochapira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kusintha kuthamanga kwa tsamba lotsekera kutentha. Masamba apamwamba ndi apansi aliwonse ali ndi masipungira awiri. Chifukwa chachikulu cha pamwamba pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha ndichakuti screw yapakati siyikidwa mopingasa kapena kuthamanga kwa kasupe wokakamiza wa tsamba lotsekera kutentha lapamwamba sikofanana.
- Yankho lake ndikusinthanso malo a sikuru yapakati kuti ikhale yopingasa. Ngati masamba apamwamba ndi otsika otsekera kutentha sali bwino, izi zitha kuchitika posintha kasupe wopanikizika kukhala wocheperako. Kasupe akakankhidwira kunja, tsamba lotsekera kutentha lidzagwa pansi. Kasupe wa tsamba la pansi akamangiriridwa mmwamba, tsamba lotsekera kutentha lidzakwera mmwamba.
- Kupanikizika kosagwirizana kwa gudumu la rabara la makina oziziritsira. Kupanikizika kosagwirizana kwa gudumu la rabara la makina oziziritsira kungayambitsenso vuto lotere la kutseka, ndipo yankho lake ndi lofanana ndi loyamba.
Zifukwa za mtundu wachitatu wa vuto losavomerezeka la kusindikiza ndi izi:
- Kupanikizika kosagwirizana kwa tsamba lotseka kutentha kapena tsamba loziziritsa. Kusintha kwa tsamba lotseka kutentha ndi tsamba loziziritsa ndi chimodzimodzi.
- Pamwamba pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha si lathyathyathya. Onani yankho loyenera la mtundu wachiwiri wa vuto lotsekera losauka.
2. Kufukiza Fuse
Mota yaikulu ya makina otsekera filimu ya pulasitiki ndi mota yoyamba ya AC yapakhomo yokhala ndi bokosi la giya lopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, lomwe limayendetsa kwambiri giya ndi giya la gawo lililonse. Nthawi zina, makina otsekera akayatsidwa, amapanga phokoso "lolira", sangathe kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo ngakhale fuse pa waya wamoyo imaphulika.
Kuti muthetse vutoli, choyamba yang'anani ngati magetsi ali bwino, kenako dulani magetsi, gwiritsani ntchito resistance range kuti muyese ngati switch yawonongeka, ndikuwonanso mosamala ngati dera ndi mota zili ndi ma short-circuit. Nthawi zambiri, mota ikafupikitsidwa, kuzunguliridwa kumayaka kapena waya wasweka, fuse imaphulika makina otsekera akangoyatsidwa. Chifukwa china cha vutoli ndichakuti ma fuse specification ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kuonjezera ma specification ake kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.
3. Phokoso la “Kulira” Panthawi Yogwira Ntchito
Vutoli limachitika nthawi yomwe makina otsekera akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Phokoso la "kulira" nthawi zambiri limachitika mwadzidzidzi, kutsatiridwa ndi liwiro losafanana lotsekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe otsekera a thumba lopakira asawoneke bwino, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe a chinthucho. Nthawi zina zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino, koma sizingadziwike.
Chochitikachi chimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu, komanso mafuta osakwanira. Yankho lake ndikusakaniza mafuta amtundu womwewo a injini ndi mafuta odzola ndikuwonjezera ku gearbox, kenako kumangitsa zomangira kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Mukayambitsa makina, phokoso la "kulira" limasowa ndipo kutseka kumabwerera mwakale.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati cholumikizira cha lamba wotentha kwambiri chili chomasuka, chawonongeka kwambiri, komanso chosayera ndi dothi pamwamba, ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi gudumu lokoka panthawi yogwira ntchito, chimapanganso phokoso "lolira". Yankho lake ndikusintha lamba wotentha kwambiri ndi zomwezo. Pali luso lina posintha lamba wotentha kwambiri. Choyamba, pindani kasupe wa gudumu lopanikizika ndi dzanja, kenako ikani mbali imodzi ya lamba wotentha kwambiri pa gudumu la rabala, ndikugwirizira mbali inayo motsutsana ndi gudumu lina la rabala ndi dzanja. Ikani chowongolera liwiro pa liwiro lotsika. Mukayamba, kudalira kusinthasintha kwa kuyenda, lamba wotentha kwambiri adzayikidwa okha.
Nthawi zina phokoso la "kulira" limatulutsidwanso ndi mota ya DC shunt. Zingakhale chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta mu mabearing a mota. Ngati zili choncho, motayo iyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kudzozedwa ndi mafuta, ndipo phokosolo lidzatha.
4. Kutayika kwa Kulamulira Kutentha kwa Chitseko
Vutoli limadziwika ndi kulephera kwa chiyerekezo cha kutentha, kulephera kulamulira kutentha, kutentha kosakhazikika kotseka kutentha, ndipo malo otsekera amapsa kapena osatsekedwa bwino, okhala ndi kutseka kolakwika komanso kosakongola. Chifukwa chachikulu cha vutoli ndichakuti thermometer yasweka ndipo iyenera kukonzedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, thermocouple ikhozanso kusweka ndipo nthawi zambiri singathe kutumiza kutentha komwe kwamveka ku thermometer. Kuyiyika m'malo ndi mtundu womwewo ndi mawonekedwe a thermocouple kungathe kuthetsa vutoli.
Kuchokera ku mbali ya makina, chifukwa chake ndi chakuti kuthamanga kwa kutentha sikufanana. Bola ngati kasupe wa kuthamanga kwa tsamba lotsekera kutentha wasinthidwa kuti kuthamanga kukhale kofanana, vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, pamwamba pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha payenera kukhala loyera komanso lopanda dothi.
Chifukwa china n’chakuti khalidwe lotseka kutentha la zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zophatikizika silili bwino, ndipo mphamvu yotseka kutentha imasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha komwe kungathe kupirira kusasinthasintha.
5. Kugwira Ntchito kwa Makina Otsekera Nthawi ndi Nthawi
Takumana ndi vuto la kugwira ntchito kosasinthasintha komanso liwiro losasinthasintha la makina otsekera panthawi yopanga. Titachotsa gulu lomwe lili kumbuyo kwa makina otsekera, zidapezeka kuti kulumikizana pakati pa shaft ya mota ndi gearbox kwakhala komasuka komanso kopatukana. Kulimbitsanso zomangira kuti zigwirizane bwino kunathetsa vutoli. Kuphatikiza apo, mota yayikulu imagwira ntchito pokhudzana ndi maburashi a kaboni. Ngati maburashi a kaboni awonongeka kwambiri, osakhudza mphete zotsetsereka, kapena ali ndi kukangana kochepa, makina otsekera nawonso azigwira ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi. Kusintha maburashi a kaboni ndi atsopano omwewo kudzathetsa vutoli.
6. Matumphu ndi Zizindikiro Zosakhazikika Pamalo Otsekera
Vutoli ndi lofala kwambiri. Ngakhale silimayambitsa kutuluka kwa phukusi, limakhudza kukongola kwa phukusilo ndikuwononga chithunzi cha chinthucho.
Zifukwa zazikulu za vutoli ndi izi:
- Mukagwiritsa ntchito zidazi kwa nthawi yayitali, fumbi ndi zodulidwa za pulasitiki ndi dothi lina zimamatira ku lamba wotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lamba likhale losafanana komanso losasinthasintha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kusafanane pamalo otsekerera. Mukakanikiza ndi gudumu loziziritsira, thovu limawonekera. Kuyeretsa kapena kusintha lamba wotentha kwambiri kumatha kuchotsa vuto. Lamba wotentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mulifupi wa 1.5 cm ndipo ndi wandiweyani pafupifupi 22μm. Ngati n'zosatheka kuyeretsa dothi, liyenera kutayidwa.
- Pali zizindikiro zopingasa ndi zokhotakhota pa gudumu la rabara la cooling press, zomwe zimaonekera mwachindunji pa phukusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zizindikiro zambiri zoonekeratu pamalo otsekera. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti thumba la cooling press likuwoneka bwino, ndi bwino kusintha gudumu la rabara la cooling press.
7. Nkhani Zoyenera Kuyang'aniridwa Pokonza Zipangizo
- Makina otsekera ayenera kuyikidwa pamalo opumira mpweya komanso ouma, kutentha kwa chipindacho kukhale pafupifupi 25℃.
- Pambuyo pa maola 48 aliwonse a makina otsekera, mafuta a injini a 6# ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku gawo lililonse loyenda, makamaka pa magiya, mabearing, ndi gearbox.
- Kuchotsa fumbi nthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitika kuti makina onse akhale oyera. Ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito, ndi bwino kuchotsa magetsi ndikuphimba ndi chivundikiro.
- Ngati nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yayitali kwambiri, fani yoziziritsira iyenera kuyatsidwa musanazimitse makina. Yembekezerani mpaka kutentha kutsika musanazimitse makina. Chifukwa ngati muzima makina popanda kuziziritsa, lamba wotentha kwambiri ndi wosavuta kuwonongeka.
- Lamba wotentha kwambiri uyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti utsimikizire kuti watsekedwa bwino.
- Ziwalo zosweka kwambiri ziyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi kuti makina onse akhale ndi moyo wautali.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-26-2025