Makina osindikizira osindikizira amitundu yambiri amakondedwa ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati chifukwa amatha kusindikiza, kugwira ntchito mokhazikika, komanso kusindikiza bwino. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga matumba opangira zofewa. Pakakhala zovuta ndi mphamvu yosindikiza m'mphepete, pakati, kapena pansi pakupanga thumba la pulasitiki la filimu, makinawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusindikizanso kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za khalidwe losindikiza kutentha.
Komabe, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, makamaka pogwira ntchito kapena kulemedwa, makinawa amatha kulephera kwamagetsi ndi makina. Izi zikuphatikizapo: kusindikiza kosauka, kugwira ntchito kwapakatikati kwa makina, kuphulika kwa fuse poyambira, "kugwedeza" phokoso panthawi yogwira ntchito, kutentha kosalamulirika, kusinthika ndi kupindika kwa matumba omalizidwa pa malo osindikizira, ndi maonekedwe a thovu kapena zizindikiro zosalongosoka pa kuwonekera kwa tsamba losindikiza. Kutengera zomwe zachitika pakugwiritsa ntchito, nkhaniyi ikuwunikira zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zingapo, ikupereka mayankho ofananira, ndikukambirana za kukonza makina osindikizira, ndikuyembekeza kukhala kothandiza kwa mabizinesi ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makinawo.
1. Kusasindikiza Koyipa
Kusasindikiza bwino ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pamakina osindikizira. Pali matanthauzo atatu a kusasindikiza bwino:
- Chikwama choyikamo sichingathe kusindikizidwa pamalo osindikizira.
- Ngakhale pakamwa pa thumba ndi losindikizidwa pansi pa kukanikiza kwa tsamba losindikiza, lidzagawanikanso ndi kufinya pang'ono kapena peel.
- Poyesa kupukuta pa malo osindikizira, theka la thumba limasindikizidwa mwamphamvu pamene theka lina limasiyanitsidwa. Ubwino wosindikizira wa thumba loyikapo loterolo udakali wosayenerera chifukwa zomwe zili mkati zimatha kutsika mosavuta posungira ndi kunyamula zikafinyidwa. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamene zomangira zomangira ndi OPP kapena PE yowombedwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la mtundu woyamba ndi izi:
- Kusakwanira kutentha-kusindikiza kutentha. M'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, pamatumba ophatikizika okhala ndi OPP ngati zida zomangira ndi makulidwe okwana 80-90μm, kutentha kosindikiza kutentha kuyenera kufika 170-180 ℃. Pakuti matumba gulu ndi Pe monga akalowa zinthu ndi makulidwe okwana 85-100μm, kutentha ayenera kulamulidwa pa 180-200 ℃. Malingana ngati makulidwe onse a thumba akuwonjezeka, kutentha kwa kutentha kumayenera kuwonjezereka mofanana.
- Kuthamanga kwachangu-kusindikiza kutentha. Kulephera kusindikiza thumba kumagwirizananso ndi liwiro la makina osindikizira. Ngati liwiro liri lothamanga kwambiri, malo osindikizira sadzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yotenthetsera isanatumizidwe ku makina osindikizira ozizira ndi traction roller kuti athandizidwe kuziziritsa, ndipo mwachibadwa, sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za khalidwe losindikiza kutentha.
- Kuthamanga kosayenera kwa gudumu la rabara yozizirira. Pali gudumu la rabara loziziritsa kumtunda ndi kumunsi, ndipo kuthamanga pakati pawo kuyenera kukhala kocheperako. Pokonza kupanikizika, ingolimbitsani kasupe.
- Nkhani zapamwamba ndi filimu yosindikiza kutentha. Kulephera kusindikiza thumba kumagwirizananso ndi khalidwe la filimu yosindikizira kutentha. Ngati chithandizo cha corona chazinthu zophatikizika sichili chofanana komanso chosagwira ntchito, ndipo chikafika pamalo osindikizira, sichidzatha kusindikiza chikwamacho. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, koma zikachitika, mankhwalawa amachotsedwa. Choncho, m'makampani osindikizira amitundu, njira yotsika pansi imayang'anira njira yopita kumtunda. Mavuto akapezeka, zomwe zimayambitsa ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuthetsedwa munthawi yake. Ngati pali chinyezi kapena dothi pamalo osindikizira, zingayambitsenso kusasindikiza bwino. Mwachidule, kuthetsa vuto la mtundu woyamba wa vuto losasindikiza bwino, kutentha kosindikiza kutentha kumatha kuwonjezeka moyenerera, kuthamanga kwa kusindikiza kutentha kumatha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kupanikizika kwa gudumu la rabara kozizira kumatha kuonjezedwa nthawi imodzi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mtundu wachiwiri wa vuto losasindikiza bwino ndi izi:
- Kusakwanira kutentha-kusindikiza kutentha. Vutoli litha kuthetsedwa powonjezera kutentha kosindikiza kutentha.
- Pamwamba pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha silathyathyathya. Tsamba lotsekera kutentha limagawidwa m'mwamba ndi pansi, ndipo thermocouple nthawi zambiri imayikidwamo kuti imve kutentha kwa kutentha. Pali zomangira zitatu pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha, zomangira zapakati zimathandizira ndikulimbitsa tsamba, ndipo zomangira zina ziwiri zimakhala ndi akasupe othamanga ndi ma washers, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuwongolera kukakamiza kwa tsamba losindikiza kutentha. Masamba apamwamba ndi apansi aliyense ali ndi akasupe awiri. Chifukwa chachikulu cha malo osagwirizana a tsamba losindikizira kutentha ndikuti screw yapakati siimayikidwa mopingasa kapena kupanikizika kwa kasupe wachitsulo chapamwamba chosindikizira kutentha kumakhala kosagwirizana.
- Yankho lake ndikuwongoleranso malo a screw yapakati kuti ikhale yopingasa. Ngati mapepala apamwamba ndi otsika osindikizira kutentha ndi osayenerera, amatha kupindula mwa kusintha kasupe wa kuthamanga kwapakati pa mlingo wokhazikika. Kasupe akakankhidwira kunja, tsamba lotsekera kutentha limagwera pansi. Pamene kasupe wa tsamba la m'munsi akulimbitsidwa mmwamba, tsamba losindikizira kutentha lidzasunthira mmwamba.
- Kupanikizika kosafanana kwa gudumu la rabara yozizirira. Kupanikizika kosagwirizana kwa gudumu la rabara yoziziritsa kungayambitsenso vuto la mtundu uwu wa zolakwika zosindikiza, ndipo yankho ndilofanana ndi momwe zinalili poyamba.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mtundu wachitatu wa zolakwika zosasindikiza bwino ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Kuthamanga kosafanana kwa tsamba lotsekera kutentha kapena tsamba loziziritsira. Kusintha kwa tsamba losindikiza kutentha ndi tsamba lozizira ndilofanana.
- Pamwamba pa tsamba lotsekera kutentha silathyathyathya. Onani njira yofananira ya mtundu wachiwiri wa vuto losasindikiza bwino.
2. Kuwomba kwa Fuse
Galimoto yayikulu yamakina osindikizira mafilimu apulasitiki ndi injini yoyamba yapakhomo ya AC yokhala ndi bokosi la aluminium chophatikizika cha nyongolotsi, yomwe imayendetsa kwambiri bokosi la giya ndi kutumizira gawo lililonse. Nthawi zina, pamene makina osindikizira ayamba, amamveka "kugwedeza" phokoso, sangathe kugwira ntchito bwinobwino, ndipo ngakhale fusesi pa waya wamoyo idzawomba.
Kuti muthetse vutoli, choyamba yang'anani ngati magetsi ali abwinobwino, ndiyeno mudule magetsi, gwiritsani ntchito kukana kuti muyese ngati kusinthaku kwawonongeka, ndipo fufuzani mosamala ngati dera ndi galimoto ndizofupikitsa. Nthawi zambiri, injini ikafupikitsidwa, mazenera amawotchedwa kapena waya wathyoka, fuseyo imawomba pomwe makina osindikizira ayamba. Chifukwa china cha vuto ili ndikuti mawonekedwe a fuse ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa katchulidwe kake kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.
3. "Kugwedeza" Phokoso Pantchito
Vutoli limachitika panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina osindikizira. Phokoso la "kugwedeza" nthawi zambiri limapezeka mwadzidzidzi, ndikutsatiridwa ndi liwiro losasindikiza losafanana, lomwe limayambitsa machitidwe osauka pa chizindikiro chosindikizira cha thumba la phukusi, zomwe zimakhudza maonekedwe a mankhwala. Nthawi zina zimatha kugwira ntchito bwino, koma sizidziwika.
Chodabwitsa ichi makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makina kapena kuvala kwambiri, komanso kusapaka bwino mafuta. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikusakaniza mtundu womwewo wa mafuta a injini ndi mafuta opaka mafuta ndikuwonjezera ku gearbox, kenako kumangitsa zomangira kuti zibwezeretse. Pambuyo poyambitsa makinawo, phokoso la "kugwedeza" limatha ndipo kusindikiza kumabwerera mwakale.
Kuonjezera apo, ngati mgwirizano wa lamba wotentha kwambiri umakhala womasuka, umakhala wovuta kwambiri, ndipo sunayeretsedwe ndi dothi pamwamba, ndipo sugwirizana ndi gudumu loyendetsa panthawi yogwira ntchito, umapanganso phokoso la "kugwedeza". Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikusintha lamba wotentha kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe omwewo. Pali luso linalake m'malo mwa lamba wotentha kwambiri. Choyamba, kanikizani gudumu loponderezedwa ndi dzanja, kenaka ikani mbali imodzi ya lamba wotentha kwambiri pa gudumu la rabala, ndipo gwirani mbali ina ndi gudumu lina labala. Khazikitsani chowongolera liwiro kuti chikhale chocheperako. Mukangoyamba, kudalira inertia yosuntha, lamba wotentha kwambiri adzakhazikitsidwa.
Nthawi zina phokoso la "kugwedeza" limatulutsidwanso ndi galimoto ya DC shunt. Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta m'mayendedwe amoto. Ngati ndi choncho, injiniyo iyenera kuphwanyidwa ndikuthiridwa ndi mafuta, ndipo phokoso lidzazimiririka.
4. Kutayika kwa Kusindikiza Kutentha kwa Kutentha
Cholakwika ichi chimadziwika ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, kulephera kulamulira kutentha, kutentha kosasunthika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, ndipo malo osindikizira amawotchedwa kapena osasindikizidwa bwino, ndi kusindikizidwa kopunduka komanso kosasangalatsa. Chifukwa chachikulu cha vuto ili ndikuti thermometer yasweka ndipo iyenera kukonzedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, thermocouple imathanso kusweka ndipo sikungathe kutumiza kutentha komwe kumamveka ku thermometer. Kuyisintha ndi mtundu womwewo komanso mawonekedwe a thermocouple kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.
Kuchokera pamakina, chifukwa chake ndikuti kuthamanga kwa kusindikiza kutentha sikuli kofanana. Malingana ngati kasupe wothamanga wachitsulo chosindikizira kutentha akusinthidwa kuti kupanikizika kukhale kofanana, vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, malo okhudzana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ayenera kukhala oyera komanso opanda dothi.
Chifukwa china ndi chakuti khalidwe losindikiza kutentha kwa zinthu zophatikizika palokha silili bwino, ndipo coefficient yosindikizira kutentha imasintha, kuchititsa kutentha komwe kungathe kupirira kukhala kosagwirizana.
5. Kugwira Ntchito Kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Makina Osindikizira
Takumana ndi vuto la ntchito yapakatikati ndi liwiro losagwirizana la makina osindikizira panthawi yopanga. Pambuyo pochotsa gulu kumbuyo kwa makina osindikizira, zidapezeka kuti kugwirizana pakati pa shaft yamoto ndi gearbox kunali komasuka komanso kotsekedwa. Kumanganso zomangira kuti zigwirizane bwino kunathetsa vutolo. Kuphatikiza apo, injini yayikulu imagwira ntchito polumikizana ndi maburashi a kaboni. Ngati maburashi a kaboni avala kwambiri, osalumikizana kwathunthu ndi mphete zozembera, kapena kusamvana bwino, makina osindikizira nawonso amagwira ntchito modukizadukiza. Kusintha maburashi a kaboni ndi mtundu womwewo wa atsopano kudzathetsa vutoli.
6. Mabubu ndi Zizindikiro Zosakhazikika pa Malo Osindikizira
Vutoli ndilofala kwambiri. Ngakhale sizimayambitsa kutayikira kwa paketi, zimakhudza kukongola kwapaketi ndikuwononga chithunzi chazinthu.
Zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi izi:
- Pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito zidazo kwa nthawi yayitali, fumbi ndi pulasitiki zonyezimira ndi zonyansa zina zimatsatira lamba wotentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lambalo likhale losiyana komanso losasintha. Izi zimabweretsa kutentha kosiyana pamalo osindikizira. Pambuyo kukanikiza ndi gudumu ozizira atolankhani, thovu kuonekera. Kuyeretsa kapena kusintha lamba wotentha kwambiri kumatha kuthetsa vutolo. Lamba wotentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala 1.5 cm mulifupi ndi pafupifupi 22μm wandiweyani. Ngati kuli kosathekadi kuyeretsa dothi, liyenera kuchotsedwa.
- Pali zilembo zowoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino pa gudumu la rabara yozizirira, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mwachindunji pakuyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zilembo zowoneka bwino pamalo osindikizira. Kuti muwonetsetse kukongola kwa thumba loyikamo, ndibwino kuti musinthe gudumu la rabara yoziziritsa.
7. Nkhani Zoyenera Kusamaliridwa Pakukonza Zida
- Makina osindikizira amayenera kuyikidwa pamalo opumira mpweya komanso owuma, kutentha kwachipinda kumakhala pafupifupi 25 ℃.
- Pambuyo pa maola 48 aliwonse akugwira ntchito kwa makina osindikizira, mafuta a injini 6# amayenera kuwonjezeredwa pagawo lililonse losuntha, makamaka pa magiya, mayendedwe, ndi ma gearbox.
- Kuchotsa fumbi pafupipafupi kuyenera kuchitika kuti makina onse azikhala oyera. Pamene sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi bwino kumasula magetsi ndikuphimba ndi chophimba.
- Ngati nthawi yothamanga ndi yayitali kwambiri, chotenthetsera chozizira chiyenera kuyatsidwa musanatseke makinawo. Dikirani mpaka kutentha kutsika musanazimitse makinawo. Chifukwa ngati mutseka makina popanda kuzizira, lamba wotentha kwambiri ndi wosavuta kwambiri kuwonongeka.
- Lamba wotentha kwambiri uyenera kutsukidwa dothi nthawi zonse kuti utsindike ukhale wabwino.
- Zigawo zowonongeka kwambiri ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi kuti ziwonjezere moyo wa makina onse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-26-2025